In 2000, Venezuela’s Bolivarian Revolution masked the rise of a criminalized petro-state. ARCON reveals how public institutions were reshaped to serve political loyalty, PDVSA became a tool for illicit contracts, and oversight was neutralized under revolutionary rhetoric. Judges, engineers, and indigenous communities faced strategic marginalization. Corruption was not incidental—it was structurally embedded in the state’s redesign.

In 2013, Guatemala’s elites enabled a criminal ecosystem rooted in politics, shielding drug trafficking, extortion, and human trafficking. ARCON reveals how state institutions were co-opted to protect illicit networks. Judges blocked investigations, police protected traffickers, and ministries legalized corruption. Marginalized communities suffered violence, exploitation, and systemic abandonment under elite-driven impunity.

Corruption enabled illegal logging in Peru (2002), displacing Indigenous communities and devastating the Amazon rainforest.